Class: RadiocarbonDate

name: RadiocarbonDate
description: A radiocarbon determination with associated metadata.
from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
slots:
- lab_code
- lab_id
- conventional_age
- conventional_age_error
- f14c
- f14c_error
- delta_13_c_calculation_method
- sample_ids
- sample_material
- sample_taxon_id
- sample_taxon_id_confidence
- sample_taxon_scientific_name
- sample_anatomical_part
- suspected_sample_contamination
- suspected_sample_contamination_description
- sample_location
- decimal_latitude
- decimal_longitude
- coordinate_precision
- pretreatment_methods
- pretreatment_method_description
- pretreatment_method_protocol
- measurement_method
- sample_starting_weight
- pretreatment_yield
- pretreatment_proportion_yield
- carbon_proportion
- delta_13_c
- delta_13_c_error
- delta_13_c_method
- suspected_reservoir_effect

name: RadiocarbonDate
description: A radiocarbon determination with associated metadata.
from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
attributes:
  lab_code:
    name: lab_code
    description: 'Unique laboratory code designation of the institution that made
      the measurement.

      This is the prefix used for each determination ID. The prefix should be

      derived from: https://radiocarbon.webhost.uits.arizona.edu/laboratories.'
    title: Laboratory code designation
    examples:
    - value: OxA
    - value: CAMS
    - value: Beta
    - value: CN-XX
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000001
    alias: lab_code
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Identifier
    range: LabCode
    required: true
    multivalued: false
  lab_id:
    name: lab_id
    description: 'The unique identifier associated with a specific radiocarbon determination,

      without the radiocarbon laboratory identifier.'
    title: Radiocarbon determination identifier
    examples:
    - value: '982744'
    - value: i238493
    - value: 9800507B
    - value: -X-1045-13
    - value: 1415(a)
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000002
    alias: lab_id
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Identifier
    range: string
    required: true
    multivalued: false
    pattern: ''
  conventional_age:
    name: conventional_age
    description: 'The uncalibrated age from the laboratory measurement. Also known
      as the

      conventional radiocarbon age (CRA). Should be a conventional 14C age (i.e.,
      14C year BP)

      NOT in AD/BC format. This is typically the ''raw'' age reported by the radiocarbon
      lab, in

      Before Present (BP) notation.'
    title: Conventional radiocarbon age
    examples:
    - value: '4500'
    - value: '37330'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000005
    alias: conventional_age
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Measurement
    range: float
    recommended: true
    multivalued: false
  conventional_age_error:
    name: conventional_age_error
    description: 'The 1-standard deviation around the conventional radiocarbon age
      (C14) measurement,

      normally indicated as a ± after the main age. Must be in the same format (i.e.
      14C yr BP).

      Sometimes referred to as the "error" or "sigma" of the measurement.'
    title: Conventional radiocarbon age error
    examples:
    - value: '25'
    - value: '620'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000006
    alias: conventional_age_error
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Measurement
    range: float
    required: false
    recommended: true
    multivalued: false
  f14c:
    name: f14c
    description: 'The F14C value from the laboratory measurement, i.e. the fraction
      modern carbon.

      For older determinations, generally equivalent to "percent modern" (pMC, or
      pM) divided by 100.'
    title: F14C radiocarbon value
    examples:
    - value: '0.83756'
    - value: '0.5371'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000003
    alias: f14c
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Measurement
    range: float
    required: true
    multivalued: false
    minimum_value: 0
    maximum_value: 1
  f14c_error:
    name: f14c_error
    description: 'The 1-standard deviation uncertainty around the F14C (C14) measurement,

      normally indicated as a ± after the main value. Must be in the same format.

      Sometimes referred to as the "error" or "sigma" of the measurement.'
    title: F14C radiocarbon error
    examples:
    - value: '0.00434'
    - value: '0.023843'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000004
    alias: f14c_error
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Measurement
    range: float
    required: true
    multivalued: false
  delta_13_c_calculation_method:
    name: delta_13_c_calculation_method
    description: 'Whether the radiocarbon date was calculated with an AMS derived
      δ13C, an IRMS derived δ13C,

      an alternative δ13C measurement method or an assumed δ13C.'
    title: Delta 13C age calculation method
    examples:
    - value: AMS
    - value: IRMS
    - value: Assumed
    - value: Other
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000007
    alias: delta_13_c_calculation_method
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Measurement
    range: Delta13CMeasurementMethod
    required: false
    recommended: true
    multivalued: false
  sample_ids:
    name: sample_ids
    description: 'Any identifier associated with the sample under measurement

      (e.g. sample collection ID, archive object accession, ICOM/CIDOC Museum ID).'
    title: Sample identifiers
    examples:
    - value: PES001
    - value: PES001.B1010
    - value: Des 207 d
    - value: Grave 78
    - value: Box 427; Exc. year 1926 (small)
    - value: KrSp E1/2012/E1/3775
    - value: Iceman
    - value: Tumba XVIII
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000008
    alias: sample_ids
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Sample
    range: string
    required: true
    multivalued: true
    pattern: ''
  sample_material:
    name: sample_material
    description: 'Material of the sample used to extract carbon used for radiocarbon
      dating measurements.

      Use ontology terms where possible, e.g. from UBERON for anatomical parts, or
      ENVO for other

      organic samples.'
    title: Radiocarbon dating sample material
    examples:
    - value: UBERON:0002481
    - value: ENVO:01000560
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000009
    alias: sample_material
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Sample
    range: string
    required: true
    multivalued: false
    pattern: '[a-zA-Z]{2,}:[a-zA-Z0-9]\d+'
  sample_taxon_id:
    name: sample_taxon_id
    description: 'A taxonomic ID of the organism from which the sample used to extract
      carbon used for

      radiocarbon measurement originated. The taxonomic ID should come from an established

      ontology or database.'
    title: Radiocarbon dating sample taxon
    examples:
    - value: NCBITAXON:9606
    - value: gbif:2441105
    - value: bold.taxonomy:786175
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000010
    alias: sample_taxon_id
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Sample
    range: string
    required: true
    multivalued: true
    pattern: '[a-zA-Z]{2,}:[a-zA-Z0-9]\d+'
  sample_taxon_id_confidence:
    name: sample_taxon_id_confidence
    description: 'Specify the level of confidence of an exact taxon identification.

      If secure identification, indicate ''true'', if identification is unclear or

      uncertain specify ''false''.'
    title: Confident in taxon assignment
    examples:
    - value: 'true'
    - value: 'false'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000011
    alias: sample_taxon_id_confidence
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Sample
    range: boolean
    required: true
    multivalued: false
  sample_taxon_scientific_name:
    name: sample_taxon_scientific_name
    description: 'A scientific name of the taxon corresponding to the taxonomic ID,
      or when a

      taxonomic ID does not currently exist for the specific taxon.'
    title: Scientific name of the sample taxon
    examples:
    - value: Mammathus primigenius
    - value: cf Mammathus
    - value: Homo sapiens sapiens
    - value: Capra sp.
    - value: Ulmus davidiana var. japonica
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000012
    alias: sample_taxon_scientific_name
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Sample
    range: string
    required: false
    recommended: true
    multivalued: false
    pattern: ''
  sample_anatomical_part:
    name: sample_anatomical_part
    description: Anatomical part from which the sample is derived.
    title: Anatomical part from which the sample is derived
    examples:
    - value: UBERON:0000981
    - value: PO:0009010
    - value: BTO:0001411
    - value: UBERON:3010209
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000013
    alias: sample_anatomical_part
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Sample
    range: string
    required: false
    recommended: true
    multivalued: false
    pattern: '[a-zA-Z]{2,}:[a-zA-Z0-9]\d+'
  suspected_sample_contamination:
    name: suspected_sample_contamination
    description: 'Specify whether the sample has suspected contamination that may
      influence measurement

      (organic glue, consolidant, rootlets, embalming solution, staining etc.).'
    title: Suspected sample contamination
    examples:
    - value: 'true'
    - value: 'false'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000014
    alias: suspected_sample_contamination
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Sample
    range: boolean
    required: false
    recommended: true
    multivalued: false
  suspected_sample_contamination_description:
    name: suspected_sample_contamination_description
    description: 'If a sample has a suspected contamination (suspected_sample_contamination),
      provide a short

      description of the contamination.'
    title: Suspected sample contamination description
    examples:
    - value: glue
    - value: organic glue made from horse
    - value: staining
    - value: bitumen
    - value: rootlets
    - value: Consolidant was applied to the skull to stabilise the bone.
    - value: Sample was preserved in a embalming solution containing formaldehyde
        and alcohol.
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000015
    alias: suspected_sample_contamination_description
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Sample
    range: string
    required: false
    recommended: false
    multivalued: false
    pattern: ''
  sample_location:
    name: sample_location
    description: Name of the geographic location from which the sample originated.
    title: Sample location
    examples:
    - value: ''
    - value: ''
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000016
    alias: sample_location
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Sample
    range: string
    required: false
    recommended: true
    multivalued: false
    pattern: ''
  decimal_latitude:
    name: decimal_latitude
    description: 'The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference
      system) of the geographic center of a dcterms:Location. Positive values are
      north

      of the Equator, negative values are south of it. Legal values lie between -90
      and 90, inclusive.'
    title: Decimal latitude
    examples:
    - value: '51.34254'
    - value: '51.75'
    - value: '-13.163'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000017
    alias: decimal_latitude
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Sample
    range: float
    required: false
    recommended: true
    multivalued: false
    minimum_value: -90
    maximum_value: 90
  decimal_longitude:
    name: decimal_longitude
    description: 'The geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial
      reference system) of the

      geographic center of a dcterms:Location. Positive values are east of the Greenwich
      Meridian,

      negative values are west of it. Legal values lie between -180 and 180, inclusive.'
    title: Decimal longitude
    examples:
    - value: '12.38067'
    - value: '-1.24'
    - value: '-72.545'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000018
    alias: decimal_longitude
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Sample
    range: float
    required: false
    recommended: true
    multivalued: false
    minimum_value: -90
    maximum_value: 90
  coordinate_precision:
    name: coordinate_precision
    description: 'A decimal representation of the precision of the coordinates given
      in the decimal_latitude

      and decimal_longitude.'
    title: Coordinate precision
    examples:
    - value: '0.00005'
    - value: '0.001'
    - value: '0.0001'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000019
    alias: coordinate_precision
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Sample
    range: float
    required: false
    recommended: true
    multivalued: false
  pretreatment_methods:
    name: pretreatment_methods
    description: Specify the types of general pretreatment methods applied for decontamination.
    title: Radiocarbon pretreatment methods
    examples:
    - value: ABA
    - value: A
    - value: BABA
    - value: Col
    - value: UF_Col
    - value: XAD
    - value: U
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000020
    alias: pretreatment_methods
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Method
    range: PretreatmentMethods
    required: true
    multivalued: true
  pretreatment_method_description:
    name: pretreatment_method_description
    description: Description of specific pretreatment method used for decontamination
      of sample prior determination.
    title: Radiocarbon pretreatment method description
    examples:
    - value: No pretreatment
    - value: Samples were pretreated following Brock et al. (2010). Briefly, bone
        was demineralised (0.5M HCl, overnight), washed in base (0.1M NaOH, 30 min,
        RT) and acid (0.5M HCl, 1 hour, RT) before gelatinisation (0.001M HCl, 20
        hours, 70oC), filtration (Ezee(TM)) and ultrafiltration (Vivaspin(TM) 30 kDa
        MWCO)
    - value: A dremel drill was used to remove visibly altered shell leaving dense
        translucent carbonate;  Charcoal was treated with HCl, NaOH and HCl.
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000021
    alias: pretreatment_method_description
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Method
    range: string
    required: true
    multivalued: false
    pattern: ''
  pretreatment_method_protocol:
    name: pretreatment_method_protocol
    description: A DOI, URL, or PMID to a publication describing the specific method
      of pretreatment applied.
    title: Radiocarbon pretreatment method protocol
    examples:
    - value: 'https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200045069 '
    - value: https://sites.ps.uci.edu/kccams/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2016/12/bone_protocol.pdf
    - value: PMID:35677847
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000022
    alias: pretreatment_method_protocol
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Method
    range: string
    required: true
    multivalued: true
    pattern: ^(PMID:\d+|https:\/\/doi\.org\/10\.\d{2,9}/.*|https?:\/\/(?:www\.)?[-a-zA-Z0-9@:%._\+~#=]{1,256}\.[a-zA-Z0-9()]{1,6}\b(?:[-a-zA-Z0-9()@:%_\+.~#?&\/=]*))$
  measurement_method:
    name: measurement_method
    description: Type of measurement method the determination was made by.
    title: Radiocarbon measurement method
    examples:
    - value: AMS
    - value: Conventional
    - value: PIMS
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000023
    alias: measurement_method
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Method
    range: RadiocarbonMeasurementMethod
    required: true
    multivalued: false
  sample_starting_weight:
    name: sample_starting_weight
    description: Amount of sample material used at beginning of measurement in miligrams
      (mg).
    title: Sample starting weight
    examples:
    - value: '521'
    - value: '56.7'
    - value: '1'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000024
    alias: sample_starting_weight
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Quality control
    range: float
    required: true
    multivalued: false
  pretreatment_yield:
    name: pretreatment_yield
    description: Amount of sample remaining after pretreatment in miligrams (mg).
    title: Weight after pretreatment
    examples:
    - value: '22'
    - value: '2.3'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000025
    alias: pretreatment_yield
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Quality control
    range: float
    required: true
    multivalued: false
  pretreatment_proportion_yield:
    name: pretreatment_proportion_yield
    description: Proportion of weight after pretreatment to sample starting weight
      represented as a value between 0 and 1.
    title: Proportion yield after pretreatment
    examples:
    - value: '012'
    - value: '0.61'
    - value: '0.015'
    - value: '0.002'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000026
    alias: pretreatment_proportion_yield
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Quality control
    range: float
    required: false
    recommended: true
    multivalued: false
    minimum_value: 0
    maximum_value: 1
  carbon_proportion:
    name: carbon_proportion
    description: 'Proportion of carbon in a non-proteinaceous sample used for dating
      (such as charcoal),

      expressed as a value between 0 and 1. Used as a quality control measurement.'
    title: Carbon proportion
    examples:
    - value: '0.41'
    - value: '0.12'
    - value: '0.70'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000027
    alias: carbon_proportion
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Quality control
    range: float
    required: true
    multivalued: false
    minimum_value: 0
    maximum_value: 1
  delta_13_c:
    name: delta_13_c
    description: 'The delta carbon-13 value of the sample (δ13C), which is the ratio
      of the stable isotope

      13C to 12C, expressed in per mil (‰) notation. Used as a quality control measurement.'
    title: Delta 13C value
    examples:
    - value: '-21.5'
    - value: '-13.5'
    - value: '1.2'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000028
    alias: delta_13_c
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Quality control
    range: float
    required: false
    recommended: true
    multivalued: false
    minimum_value: -1000
    maximum_value: 1000
  delta_13_c_error:
    name: delta_13_c_error
    description: 'The error associated with the delta carbon-13 (δ13C) value expressed
      (‰) notation.

      Used as a quality control measurement.'
    title: Delta 13C error
    examples:
    - value: '0.1'
    - value: '0.2'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000029
    alias: delta_13_c_error
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Quality control
    range: float
    required: false
    recommended: true
    multivalued: false
    minimum_value: 0
    maximum_value: 1000
  delta_13_c_method:
    name: delta_13_c_method
    description: 'Which spectrophotometry method was used to measure the delta carbon-13
      value,

      either with Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS) or Accelerated Mass Spectrometer
      (AMS).'
    title: Delta 13C measurement method
    examples:
    - value: AMS
    - value: IRMS
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000030
    alias: delta_13_c_method
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Quality control
    range: Delta13CMeasurementMethod
    required: false
    recommended: true
    multivalued: false
  suspected_reservoir_effect:
    name: suspected_reservoir_effect
    description: 'Specify whether there is a suspected carbon reservoir effect that

      should be accounted for in analysis.'
    title: Suspected reservoir effect
    examples:
    - value: 'true'
    - value: 'false'
    from_schema: https://w3id.org/miaard/miaard-schema
    rank: 1000
    slot_uri: c14:000031
    alias: suspected_reservoir_effect
    owner: RadiocarbonDate
    domain_of:
    - RadiocarbonDate
    slot_group: Quality control
    range: boolean
    required: true
    multivalued: false